Protecting workers from carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it is virtually undetectable by human senses. You can’t see, smell, or taste this toxic gas, but its effects can be devastating. In Canada, CO poisoning is considered a leading cause of unintentional poisoning deaths, responsible for an estimated 300 fatalities and 200 hospitalizations each year. For employers, understanding the dangers of carbon monoxide, assessing the workplace for risks and implementing control measures is crucial to protecting workers. Understanding carbon monoxide and its health effects Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline, propane, kerosene and wood. Anything that burns carbon-based fuels can potentially release carbon monoxide, including the everyday equipment used in many industries. Internal combustion engines, motor vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke, and even space heaters are common sources of exposure. When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it quickly enters the bloodstream, preventing red blood cells from delivering oxygen to vital organs such as the brain and heart. Exposure to very high concentrations can overcome a person in minutes with few or no warning signs, hence the extreme danger of this gas. The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning mimic those of the flu (but without the fever), which can lead to delayed reactions. These include headaches, tightness across the chest, fatigue, dizziness and shortness of breath. In severe cases, victims may lose consciousness or even die before realizing what’s happening. Another potential outcome is the confusion caused by carbon monoxide exposure, which can prevent someone from recognizing that they’re in a life-threatening situation. Industries and workplaces most at risk Workplaces that rely on fuel-burning equipment are especially prone to carbon monoxide exposure. Internal combustion engines are a primary source, making workers in industries like manufacturing, construction and transportation more susceptible. Boiler rooms, warehouses, steel production plants and petroleum refineries are just a few examples of environments where carbon monoxide can accumulate. Even large, open areas are not immune, as harmful levels of the gas can build up in spaces where ventilation is poor. Without appropriate safeguards, any workplace where fuel is burned could be exposed to dangerous levels of carbon monoxide. How employers can reduce risk Employers play a critical role in minimizing the threat of carbon monoxide poisoning. The first line of defense is prevention. Switching up fuel-burning devices to electric or battery-powered equipment is an effective way to reduce carbon monoxide exposure. In situations where alternatives are not possible, regularly servicing existing water heaters, furnaces and other fuel-powered equipment helps to reduce their level of carbon monoxide emissions. Ensuring proper ventilation is key. Installing carbon monoxide detectors in areas where carbon monoxide is likely to accumulate is an essential safety measure. These detectors should be equipped with both audible and visual alarms and set to trigger well below the legal exposure limit. Make sure to test air quality regularly, especially in confined spaces. In areas where CO-producing machinery is in use, workers should be equipped with the proper respiratory protection, such as full-face pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) in high-risk environments. Ensuring that employees are trained in recognizing CO symptoms and sources can make all the difference in preventing a tragedy, both in the workplace and at home. In the cold weather months, many deaths occur as the result of defective or poorly operated home heating devices, or where vehicles are left to idle in garages or for long periods of time. Portable flameless chemical heaters, gas camping stoves or generators should never be used indoors. Employees should be encouraged to check that they have a working carbon monoxide detector at home. An employee’s role in preventing exposure Though employers are responsible for providing a safe work environment, employees also play an important role to help safeguard themselves and their co-workers from carbon monoxide exposure. Reporting any equipment malfunctions or ventilation issues promptly is critical in identifying potential hazards before they escalate. Employees should be aware of the signs of carbon monoxide poisoning and understand how to respond quickly if they or a colleague begin to show symptoms. If an employee starts to feel headaches, nausea, or dizziness, it’s essential to leave the area immediately and seek fresh air. In cases where exposure is suspected, a medical professional should be informed right away to ensure the affected person receives proper treatment. Prevention is key Though detecting carbon monoxide can be challenging without the proper training and equipment, poisoning is preventable with the right precautions in place. Employers must take the necessary steps to maintain safe environments and educate their workers on the dangers. Regular equipment maintenance, proper ventilation, air quality monitoring, and employee training are all vital components of a successful safety strategy. By staying vigilant and proactive, you can help prevent carbon monoxide from becoming a silent killer in your workplace. The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) promotes the total well-being—physical, psychosocial, and mental health—of workers in Canada by providing information, advice, education and management systems and solutions that support the prevention of injury and illness. Visit www.ccohs.ca for more safety tips.